The world wide worry about the protection of environment and the conservation of non-renewable natural resources, has given rise to the alternative development of sources of energy as substitute of traditional fossil fuels. Among the most used fuels, the diesel oils of automotive industry, known like No.2 diesel, are the more important. The alternatives to diesel fuel must be technically feasible, economically competitive, environmentally acceptable, and readily available. Many of these requisites are satisfied by vegetable oils or, in general, by triglycerides. Indeed, vegetable oils are widely available from a variety of sources, and they are renewable. Vegetable oil and animal fat based biodiesel fuels, as methyl or ethyl esters, have the following advantages over diesel fuel: as a neat fuel or in blends with diesel fuel they produce less smoke and particulates, have higher cetane numbers, produce lower CO and HC, are biodegradable and non-toxic, and provide engine lubricity to low sulfur diesel fuels.
Using high-viscosity vegetable oils in diesel engines without any modification negatively affects both performance and engine parts. The most important problem in directly using vegetable oils is that contamination forms and adheres to the piston rings. Several methods exist for making vegetable oils usable in engines. The most significant is the transesterification method.
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