WETTABILITY of solid surfaces with liquids is governed by the chemical properties and the geometry of the surfaces. As far as the geometry of a surface is concerned, the waterrepellent properties are well known to be enhanced by fine roughness. However, the super-water-repellent surfaces so far obtained using this idea are based on organics and are translucent or opaque, although transparency is preferred for technological applications of super-water-repellency.
Studies of water-repellent coatings by the sol–gel method, which is known to be a practical method for preparing oxide thin films on various substrates such as glasses, metals, ceramics, and polymers, have been focused on the control of the chemical properties of surfaces by coating with, for example, fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilanes .
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