Ordinary mechanical parts, such as hydraulic motors, are indispensable in mobile hydraulic applications, in particular in the machinery used in forestry, agriculture, mining, and construction. This study deals with the low-speed, but high-torque, orbital hydraulic motor, which normally operates under oil-lubricated conditions Such a hydraulic motor is a highly loaded mechanical component that converts hydraulic energy into the rotational motion of the shaft . The most important parts of a hydraulic motor, regarding the principle of operation, are: the inner rotor, the outer ring, the housing and the valve plate . A combination of an appropriate geometry of the mechanical parts, the holes in the valve plate and the pressure differences in the lobes ensures that the rotational speed of the shaft is up to 25 min-1 and that the torque is up to 1000 Nm.
A problem with the hydraulic motor is its low overall efficiency,which is closely related to the friction and wear . The surface roughness and the surface hardness influence the tribological behavior significantly and can play a key role in the tribological contact.In addition, the operating conditions are more severe when water is applied instead of mineral oil. This is because, due to the lower viscosity of water, the film thickness is much thinner . However, despite the many drawbacks and the negative effects of water on the tribological behaviour , it has much less environmental impact than other lubricants . But it is well known that the use of water leads to severe tribological conditions and promotes corrosion. When water is used, stainless steel can prevent its corrosion . But due to the high loads in a hydraulic motor, many stainless steels are too soft and an additional heat treatment is required to increase the hardness,which then increases its abrasion resistance. The AISI 440C stainless steel is a common material that meets these requirements , but due to the very poor lubrication properties of water, sufficient lubrication in the contacts needs to be ensured.
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