Titanium alloys are characterized by poor tribological properties, and the traditional use of titanium alloys has been restricted to nontribological applications. Among these applications, titanium alloys are heavily used in aeronautical components which undergo sliding and fretting, such as loaded parts and turbine blades. However, its poor tribological behaviors such as high and unstable friction coefficient, severe adhesive wear and a strong tendency to seize limit their applications. The principal reason for the high wear rates is that titanium, a very reactive metal, exhibits a low resistance to plastic shearing and the low protection exerted by the surface oxides against itself and other metals. Surface engineering methods have proven to be the most promising way to improve the surface performance of titanium, such as wear and corrosion resistance. At present, many surface engineering methods such as ion implantation, thermal oxidation, anodizing and deposition coating have been developed for wear protection of titanium lloys. However, ion implantation and thermal oxidation treatments are still time-consuming and high energy consuming. Anodizing of titanium only produces a very thin coating, and is commonly applied for decorative and bonding purposes. Deposition coatings with a high degree of hardness are difficult to be directly prepared on soft substrates such as pure titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy. Therefore, it is also necessary to seek a simple and easy method to improve the tribological properties of titanium and titanium alloys. Surface texturing as a surface engineering method used for fabricating an artificial topography on the surface of a material is well known for many years. Many researches found substantial improvement of tribological performance when applied surface texturing under different conditions. Various texturing techniques, such as mechanical machining, ion beam texturing, laser texturing and chemical etching, are employed for preparing the micrometersized features. Among these techniques, laser surface texturing (LST) seems to be the most advanced of all known methods of surface texturing for tribological applications. In recent years, the studies show that by a combination of surface texturing and the application of a solid lubricant, a desired reduction in wear and friction can be achieved.
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